tolerogenic dendritic cell vaccine

Tolerogenic dendritic cell vaccines are a form of cell therapy designed to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance rather than general immunosuppression. These vaccines use ex vivo-generated or in vivo-modified dendritic cells that have been rendered "tolerogenic"—meaning they promote immune tolerance by presenting disease-relevant antigens in a way that suppresses pathogenic T and B cell responses and induces regulatory T cells (Tregs). The mechanism involves low expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86), high expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, ILT3/4), secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), and production of enzymes like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. These properties lead to the induction of T-cell anergy or apoptosis and expansion of regulatory immune subsets. The primary indications under investigation include autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis; prevention of transplant rejection; allergic diseases; and anti-drug antibody responses[2][5][9][10]. Multiple protocols exist for generating these vaccines from autologous monocytes using pharmacological agents or cytokines[5]. Clinical trials have demonstrated safety and some efficacy signals in early-phase studies for autoimmune conditions[9][10].

Other names

tolDC vaccinetDC vaccineDCreg vaccinetolerogenic DC-based vaccine