tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) are multipotent stromal cells isolated from human palatine tonsillar tissue. They exhibit high proliferation rates and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages including mesodermal (osteogenic, chondrogenic), endodermal, and ectodermal cell types. Compared to bone marrow–derived MSCs, TMSCs are easier to obtain with less invasive procedures and show low immunogenicity. Mechanistically, they exert immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting T cell proliferation and modulating cytokine production—decreasing interferon-gamma while increasing interleukin-4—and uniquely express both membrane-bound and soluble forms of PD-L1 that suppress Th17 differentiation via direct contact and paracrine signaling. Preclinical studies have demonstrated their potential in regenerative medicine for tissue engineering applications such as bone regeneration in osteoporosis models as well as treatment of autoimmune diseases like psoriasis through immune regulation[1][2][5][6].

Other names

palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells