topiramate

Topiramate is an oral small molecule anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat epilepsy (including partial-onset and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures) and to prevent migraine headaches. It is also used off-label for conditions such as bipolar disorder, weight loss (as part of a combination), alcohol dependence, essential tremor, and other neurological or psychiatric disorders. The drug acts through multiple mechanisms including blocking voltage-gated sodium channels; enhancing the activity of GABA-A receptors; antagonizing AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors; and inhibiting certain carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. These actions reduce neuronal excitability in the brain[3][5][7]. Topiramate was originally developed by McNeil Pharmaceutical (now part of Johnson & Johnson)[5].

Brand names

TopamaxTrokendi XRQudexy XREprontiaTopamax Sprinkle

Other names

Topiragen