TP-1

TP-1 is a polysaccharide isolated from the Huaier fungus. It has demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the growth, adhesion, migration, and motility of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. TP-1 achieves its effects by decreasing the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of RNA-binding factor 1 (AUF-1) and astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), while simultaneously increasing the expression of microRNA-122 (miR-122). Furthermore, it modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers by increasing E-cadherin protein expression and decreasing N-cadherin protein levels. Preclinical studies have shown that TP-1 significantly inhibits lung metastasis of liver cancer in orthotopic SMMC-7721 tumor-bearing mice, suggesting its potential as a powerful chemopreventive agent against HCC metastasis.