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TR2.4-1BB T cells are genetically engineered T cells expressing a novel chimeric co-stimulatory receptor (TR2.4-1BB) designed to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Developed by researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine, the TR2.4-1BB receptor consists of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) targeting tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2/TR2), which is highly expressed on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), fused to a 4-1BB (CD137) intracellular co-stimulatory endodomain. Upon binding to TRAIL-R2 on MDSCs, the receptor induces apoptosis in these immunosuppressive cells while simultaneously delivering a co-stimulatory signal to the T cells, enhancing their persistence, proliferation, and anti-tumor activity. This platform can be combined with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting tumor antigens such as MUC1 or HER2 to enhance efficacy against solid tumors.
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