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Traxoprodil is a small molecule drug developed by Pfizer that acts as a selective antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B). It has demonstrated neuroprotective, analgesic, and anti-Parkinsonian effects in animal studies. In clinical research, traxoprodil was investigated for its potential to reduce brain damage after stroke and for rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. However, its development was halted due to EKG abnormalities (QT prolongation). The mechanism of action involves blocking the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors, thereby reducing excitotoxic calcium influx into neurons following excessive glutamate release. Recent preclinical studies suggest rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects potentially mediated through BDNF/ERK/CREB and AKT/FOXO/Bim signaling pathways[1][3][4][6].
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