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TREM2-lowering antisense oligonucleotides are synthetic, sequence-specific oligonucleotides designed to bind TREM2 mRNA, leading to its degradation and resulting in reduced TREM2 protein expression in target tissues. The mechanism of action involves RNase H-mediated cleavage of TREM2 mRNA, thus modulating microglial function in the brain. TREM2 is a microglial surface receptor implicated in neuroinflammatory responses and amyloid plaque accumulation, with genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. These ASOs have been developed for research purposes to acutely and transiently reduce TREM2 expression, allowing investigation of its role in neurodegeneration, microglial activation, and neuroinflammatory signaling. Preclinical studies in mouse and humanized microglia models have demonstrated that TREM2-lowering ASOs reduce amyloid pathology, modify microglial phenotypes, and can potentially augment anti-tumor immunity in brain tumor models[1][2][3][4][6].
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