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Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides is an oral botanical extract derived from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. It contains multiple active compounds including triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, and wilforine. The drug exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by modulating immune cell activity (notably T cells and dendritic cells), suppressing inflammatory cytokine production (such as IL-6 and IL-8), reducing neutrophil elastase activity, and regulating cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation. It is primarily used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis (including primary membranous nephropathy and diabetic kidney disease), psoriasis, and other rheumatic or immune-mediated conditions[1][2][7][9][10]. Clinical studies have shown that it can reduce proteinuria in kidney diseases and improve remission rates in autoimmune disorders with a safety profile comparable to glucocorticoids when monitored appropriately[7][9]. However, its use is limited by potential toxicity affecting multiple organ systems due to its narrow therapeutic window[3].
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