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A TROP-2 T-cell engager (TCE) is a bispecific therapeutic molecule designed to redirect the cytotoxic activity of T-cells against tumor cells expressing Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). TROP-2 is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, including breast, lung, urothelial, and gastrointestinal cancers, while showing limited expression in normal tissues. The mechanism of action involves the simultaneous binding of the TCE to TROP-2 on the tumor cell and the CD3 epsilon subunit of the T-cell receptor complex on T-lymphocytes. This dual binding facilitates the formation of a cytolytic synapse, triggering T-cell activation and the release of perforins and granzymes, which leads to the immunogenic death of the target cancer cell. This approach aims to harness the potency of the cellular immune system in a target-specific manner, potentially overcoming resistance mechanisms associated with traditional chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies.
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