troxerutin

Troxerutin is a semi-synthetic flavonoid derivative of rutin found in tea, coffee, cereal grains, and various fruits and vegetables. It is primarily used for its vasoprotective properties to treat chronic venous insufficiency and related vascular disorders such as varicose veins and hemorrhoids[1][4][7]. Troxerutin works by strengthening capillary walls and reducing abnormal leakage through improved capillary function[1][8]. Its mechanisms include inhibition of platelet aggregation and red blood cell agglomeration; prevention of thrombogenesis; protection of endothelial cells; enhancement of microcirculation; anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; antioxidant activity by increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative damage; anti-apoptotic effects through modulation of apoptotic proteins (e.g., BAX downregulation/BCL-2 upregulation); reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity (noted in Alzheimer's models); upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway[5][6][7][8]. Troxerutin has been investigated for use in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's), diabetes complications, cancer adjunct therapy, cardiovascular disease management, nephroprotection (kidney protection), rheumatoid arthritis amelioration[6][8], but its primary approved indication remains chronic venous insufficiency.

Brand names

VenorutonTroxevasin

Other names

troxerutinavitamin P4