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vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine
- Development stage
- Approved
- Lead developer
- Bavarian Nordic
- Modality
- Live Attenuated Vaccines → Live Vaccines → Prophylactic Vaccines → Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Administration
- Percutaneous, Subcutaneous
01
Overview
The vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine is a live-virus vaccine used to prevent infection with the variola virus, which causes smallpox. The vaccine contains live vaccinia virus—a poxvirus related to but less harmful than variola—and does not contain the actual smallpox (variola) virus. Vaccination induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses that confer cross-protective immunity against variola for decades. The mechanism of action involves stimulating the immune system to recognize and respond rapidly to poxvirus antigens, providing protection if exposed to smallpox. The modern vaccines are based on strains of vaccinia distinct from cowpox or horsepox; notable products include ACAM2000 (Sanofi Pasteur), Imvanex (Bavarian Nordic), and Jynneos (Bavarian Nordic). Primary indications are prevention of smallpox and mpox (monkeypox), especially in high-risk populations or as a countermeasure against bioterrorism[1][2][8].
- Brand names
- ACAM2000ACAM-2000ACAM 2000ImvanexJynneos
- Other names
- smallpox vaccinevaccinia vaccine
02
Targets
B5R (B5 orthopoxvirus envelope protein)
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