VEGFR1-1084 + VEGFR2-169 + gemcitabine

A combination therapy consisting of two peptide vaccines (VEGFR1-1084 and VEGFR2-169) and the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. The peptide vaccines are derived from vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and are designed to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against cells expressing these receptors, including tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells, to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and promote immune-mediated killing of cells expressing these receptors. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that disrupts DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. This combination approach aims to simultaneously target tumor cells directly through gemcitabine's cytotoxic effects while enhancing anti-tumor immunity and inhibiting tumor vasculature through the peptide vaccines. Clinical trials suggest that gemcitabine may enhance rather than suppress immune responses to the peptide vaccines.