Very Low-Calorie Enteral Protein-Based Formula

A very low-calorie, protein-based formula designed for enteral administration via a nasogastric tube, primarily investigated for the short-term (2-week) management of severe obesity. This specific formulation is composed of a fixed amount of various amino acids (arginine, ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate, taurine, cysteine, tryptophan, hydroxyproline, citrulline), milk whey proteins, linseed oil, L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, policosanols, fructooligosaccharides, and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride). Its therapeutic effect is attributed to significant caloric restriction, the satiating effect of its high protein content, and the induction of ketogenesis, leading to substantial weight loss and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.