vincristine + melphalan + dexamethasone

Vincristine + melphalan + dexamethasone is a combination chemotherapy regimen used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Each component has a distinct mechanism of action: - Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule formation, thereby blocking cell division during mitosis. - Melphalan is an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA and RNA, leading to inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis and ultimately cell death. - Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties; in oncology, it induces apoptosis in certain cancer cells, including lymphoid malignancies. This combination may be used as induction therapy or for relapsed/refractory disease settings. The regimen leverages the synergistic effects of these agents to maximize cytotoxicity against malignant plasma cells[2][6].