Virulence Modifying Proteins

Virulence Modifying Proteins (VMPs) are a family of conserved, secreted exotoxins encoded by the PF07598 gene family in pathogenic *Leptospira* species. These proteins feature N-terminal ricin B-like lectin domains and a C-terminal toxin domain with DNase activity, which mediates host cell cytotoxicity, endothelial dysfunction, and tissue damage. Recombinant VMPs are under development as vaccine antigens to provide serovar-independent, pan-leptospirosis protection. Immunization with these recombinant proteins, formulated with a glucopyranoside lipid A/squalene oil-in-water adjuvant, has been shown to protect animal models (such as mice and hamsters) from lethal challenge and significantly reduce bacterial loads in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, VMPs (such as the LA0591 and LA3490 variants) are being investigated as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of leptospirosis.

Other names

VM proteinsVMP vaccinerecombinant VM proteinsrecombinant VMP vaccinerecombinant virulence-modifying proteins