virus-infected autologous tumor cell vaccine

A virus-infected autologous tumor cell vaccine is a personalized cancer immunotherapy created by isolating and culturing a patient's own tumor cells, then infecting these cells ex vivo with an engineered or naturally occurring oncolytic or immunostimulatory virus (such as nonlytic Newcastle disease virus [NDV] or vesicular stomatitis virus [VSV]). The infected, often irradiated, non-proliferative whole-tumor cells are then administered back to the patient as a therapeutic vaccine. This approach presents the full repertoire of patient-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in combination with viral danger signals (e.g., dsRNA, viral proteins like HN, interferon-alpha), which together enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanism involves activation of monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and T lymphocytes—especially CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells—leading to improved antitumor immunity and memory. Clinical studies have shown that such vaccines can augment delayed-type hypersensitivity responses against tumors and may improve long-term survival in various cancers compared to standard therapies[1][2][3].

Other names

autologous virus-modified tumor cell vaccineATV-NDVautologous tumor vaccine modified with recombinant Newcastle disease virusvirus-infected autologous whole-cell cancer vaccine