VSVd51-hGM-CSF

**VSVd51-hGM-CSF** is a genetically engineered, oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) containing the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) transgene. This virus has been developed specifically for use as an intravesical immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. VSVd51-hGM-CSF selectively infects and lyses cancer cells, and the expression of hGM-CSF enhances immunogenic cell death (ICD), increases the release of immunostimulatory danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as HMGB1 and ATP, and promotes immune cell activation and recruitment, particularly of dendritic cells, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells. The drug is under preclinical development and shows potential as a viro-immunotherapeutic agent, with demonstrated ability to stimulate anti-tumor immunity in both murine models and human bladder cancer patient-derived organoids[1][2][3].