withanolide a

Withanolide A is a naturally occurring steroidal lactone, classified as a withanolide, primarily isolated from plants such as Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Withania coagulans, and Discopodium penninervium[4]. It is one of the most studied withanolides and is recognized for a broad range of biological activities including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroregenerative, and cytoprotective effects[1]. Mechanistically, withanolide A and related compounds have been shown to: - Inhibit key inflammatory and oncogenic signaling pathways (notably NF-κB, JAK/STAT, AP-1, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PPARγ, Hsp90, Nrf2, and HIF-1)[1]. - Downregulate beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and upregulate ADAM10 and insulin-degrading enzyme[1], with specific neuroregenerative effects relevant to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. - Act as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)[1]. Withanolide A’s diverse activity profile is attributed to its reactive structural features: an α,β-unsaturated ketone in ring A, a 5β,6β-epoxide in ring B, and a lactone side chain[6]. It is studied primarily as a natural product for its therapeutic applications in inflammation-mediated chronic diseases (including autoimmune disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases). While preclinical data is promising, robust clinical trial data in humans is lacking[1].

Other names

withanolide A(+)-withanolide A32911-62-9V903234S8GV-903234S8GV 903234S8G