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Xiaokeqing Granules (XQG) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal formula developed for the treatment of prediabetes mellitus (PDM) and metabolic disorders, particularly in patients presenting with the TCM syndrome of 'yin deficiency with excessive heat.' The formulation is a complex botanical mixture containing bioactive constituents such as groenlandicine, kaempferol, and isomangiferin, which are absorbed into the systemic circulation following oral administration. XQG is typically used as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions. Its mechanism of action involves the modulation of the serotonin signaling pathway and tryptophan metabolism, specifically targeting the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and serotonin receptors HTR1A and HTR2C. Clinical evidence from pilot randomized controlled trials indicates that XQG significantly improves 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG) levels and influences metabolomic biomarkers such as N-nervonoyl methionine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan.
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