xipamide

Xipamide is a sulfonamide-based diuretic of the thiazide-like class, primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and edema associated with heart failure, renal disease (except anuria), hepatic cirrhosis, ascites, and lymphoedema. It acts mainly by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney via blockade of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride symporter (NCC/SLC12A3), leading to increased excretion of sodium and water. At higher concentrations, it also inhibits carbonic anhydrase activity. Unlike classic thiazides, xipamide reaches its target from the peritubular (blood) side rather than from within the tubular lumen. The drug increases potassium and magnesium excretion but decreases calcium excretion in urine—a characteristic feature shared with other thiazide-like diuretics[1][4][5][6][8]. It is structurally related to chlorthalidone and derived from salicylic acid[5]. Xipamide has been marketed under various trade names including Diurexan (internationally), Aquaphor (Germany), and Aquaphoril (Austria)[4].

Brand names

DiurexanAquaphorAquaphoril

Other names

xipamideXipamidaXipamidumXipamid