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Xylazine is a synthetic small molecule drug used as a sedative, anesthetic, muscle relaxant, and analgesic in veterinary medicine. It is not approved for human use due to its severe central nervous system depressant effects. Xylazine acts primarily as a potent alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, reducing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the central nervous system by binding to presynaptic autoreceptors. It may also have low-potency activity at kappa-opioid receptors. Xylazine is chemically similar to clonidine and can cause sedation, respiratory depression, bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and other adverse effects in humans. In recent years, it has been increasingly detected as an adulterant in illicit drug supplies—especially with fentanyl—where it is often referred to as "tranq" or "tranq dope." Its use has been associated with overdose deaths and severe skin wounds when injected[1][2][3][4][5][6].
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