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Yiqi Fumai is an injectable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation derived from the ancient formula Shengmai San. It is composed of extracts from three herbs: Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng), Ophiopogon japonicus (Maidong), and Schisandra chinensis (Wuweizi). The main active components are believed to be ginsenosides, steroidal saponins, lignans, and flavonoids. Manufactured by Tianjin Tianshili Zhijiao Pharmaceutical Company, it is approved in China for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions like coronary heart disease (angina pectoris) and chronic heart failure. Clinical trials have also explored its use as an adjunctive therapy for septic shock and cardiogenic shock. The proposed mechanisms of action are multifaceted, reflecting its complex composition. Studies suggest it exerts cardioprotective effects by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial injury, enhancing myocardial energy metabolism, and inhibiting ventricular remodeling. Its therapeutic effects are attributed to various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-hypoxic effects. In sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, it has been shown to mitigate myocardial injury by enhancing the xCT/GPX4 axis, thereby reducing ferroptosis. In heart failure, it is suggested to inhibit p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.
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