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YME1L short hairpin RNA is a gene-silencing therapeutic candidate designed to target Yeast mitochondrial escape 1-like 1 (YME1L), a mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease located in the intermembrane space. In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), YME1L is often overexpressed and plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and preventing the leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytoplasm. By knocking down YME1L expression, this shRNA induces AML cell differentiation and inhibits proliferation. The mechanism involves the leakage of mtDNA through VDAC channels, which subsequently activates the cGAS-STING pathway and triggers type I interferon (IFN) signaling. This approach represents a novel strategy for treating AML by leveraging mitochondrial stress and innate immune activation.
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