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Zhengqing Fentongning Injection (also known as Zhengqing Fengtongning Injection) is an approved traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injectable formulation developed by Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Group. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is sinomenine hydrochloride, a morphinan alkaloid extracted from the root and stem of the medicinal plant *Sinomenium acutum*. It is widely used in China for the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, cervical spondylosis, and lumbar disc herniation. Sinomenine hydrochloride exerts its therapeutic effects through multi-faceted anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. At the molecular level, it directly binds to and inhibits guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5), suppressing the downstream NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. It also acts as an agonist of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 (CHRNA7) to activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, inhibits lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK/PBK), and downregulates proteasome subunit beta type-9 (PSMB9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2/PTGS2).
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