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β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB)
- Target
- BHB
- Molecular classification
- Ketone body, Small molecule metabolite, GPCR agonist, HDAC inhibitor
01
Overview
β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an endogenous ketone body produced in the liver during periods of low glucose availability. It serves as an energy source and also functions as a signaling molecule by activating GPCRs (HCAR2, FFAR3), modulating ion channels, and inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), leading to diverse effects on inflammation, neuronal function, and metabolism.
- Other names
- Beta-hydroxybutyric acid3-hydroxybutyric acid
02
Mechanism of action
Acts as an agonist of HCAR2 and FFAR3 receptors, modulates potassium channels, and inhibits HDACs.
03
Biological functions
Energy metabolismSignal transductionHistone modificationAnti-inflammatoryImmune regulation
04
Disease associations
EpilepsyNeurodegenerative diseaseInflammationCOVID-19Aging-related conditions
05
Safety considerations
Exogenous BHB salts: Potential electrolyte imbalances (sodium, magnesium, calcium)
06
Biomarkers
Blood BHB levels (for ketogenic diet efficacy in epilepsy)
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