12-microRNA biomarker panel (12-miRNA panel)

The 12-microRNA biomarker panel refers to a specific set of twelve microRNA (miRNA) molecules used as a diagnostic or prognostic signature for various diseases, most notably gastric cancer and Alzheimer's disease [6, 8]. These panels leverage the stability of circulating miRNAs in biofluids like serum or plasma to detect disease-specific expression patterns that reflect underlying pathological processes [9, 22]. For instance, the GASTROClear test, developed by MiRXES, utilizes a 12-miRNA panel (including miR-17-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-155-5p) to identify early-stage gastric cancer with high sensitivity [21, 27]. Similarly, research has identified a 12-miRNA signature in blood that can distinguish Alzheimer's patients from healthy controls with high accuracy [4, 11]. While these panels are primarily used for non-invasive diagnostic screening and patient stratification, individual miRNAs within the sets are also being explored as therapeutic targets [15, 29]. Drugs such as cobomarsen (targeting miR-155) and lademirsen (targeting miR-21) represent the therapeutic potential of modulating specific components of these signatures to treat cancer or fibrotic diseases [29]. The use of multi-marker signatures improves diagnostic accuracy over single biomarkers by capturing the complex regulatory changes associated with disease progression [13, 26].

Other names

12-microRNA signature12-miRNA diagnostic panelGASTROClear panelAlzheimer's 12-miRNA signature12-miRNA lung cancer panel

Diagnostic detection and quantification of circulating microRNA levels to calculate a disease risk score using a proprietary algorithm.