Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon (YWHAE)

Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon (YWHAE), also known as 14-3-3 protein epsilon, is a highly conserved member of the 14-3-3 protein family found in all eukaryotic cells[1][2][3][6]. It primarily acts as an adaptor or scaffold, mediating signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins, thereby regulating the activation and localization of its binding partners across a wide range of cellular processes[1][2][3][4][5][6]. 14-3-3 epsilon plays crucial roles in neuronal migration and brain development, cell cycle control, regulation of apoptosis, and spermatogenesis[2][3][4][6]. Mutations or deletions involving YWHAE are implicated in severe neurodevelopmental syndromes such as Miller–Dieker syndrome (associated with lissencephaly), schizophrenia, some cancers (notably small cell lung cancer), and male infertility[2][3][4][6]. The protein's interaction network is broad, engaging with phosphatases, kinases, and other partners to influence multiple signaling pathways. Specific drugs targeting this protein have not been established for therapeutic use, but its modulation is being explored in disease contexts given its central biological roles.

Other names

14-3-3 protein epsilon14-3-3E14-3-3 epsilonHEL2KCIP-1MDCRMDSFLJ45465Epididymis luminal protein 2Mitochondrial import stimulation factor L subunitProtein kinase C inhibitor protein-1

Modulation of protein–protein interactions; Regulation of phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways