23S Ribosomal RNA (Bacterial Large Ribosomal Subunit) (23S rRNA)

23S ribosomal RNA (23S rRNA) is a large, essential ribonucleic acid molecule that forms a core structural and functional component of the 50S large subunit of bacterial and archaeal ribosomes. It is approximately 2,904 nucleotides long in *Escherichia coli*. The primary function of the 23S rRNA is to form part of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis—making it a true ribozyme. It provides binding sites for many antibiotics that inhibit translation by targeting this catalytic center or nearby regions. Mutations in specific domains can confer resistance to these antibiotics. A highly conserved sequence within domain V (ISR23) is specifically recognized by TLR13—a pattern recognition receptor—in some immune cells, enabling innate immune detection specific to bacteria.

Other names

Large subunit rRNALSU rRNA23S ribosomal RNA

Inhibition of peptidyl transferase activity; Blockage of nascent peptide exit tunnel; Disruption of ribosome function.