23S ribosomal RNA of 50S ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA)

23S ribosomal RNA is a large, catalytic RNA molecule (~2900 nucleotides in *E. coli*) that forms the core structural and enzymatic component of the 50S large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes[7][2]. The 23S rRNA is divided into six major structural domains, with domain V harboring the peptidyl transferase center, the main catalytic site for peptide bond formation during protein synthesis[7][2]. This makes 23S rRNA essential for the fundamental process of translation in all bacteria and archaea, and it is the direct target of several classes of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the peptidyl transferase center or nearby sites[2][7]. Resistance to these antibiotics is often linked to mutations or post-transcriptional modifications within the 23S rRNA sequence. In prokaryotes, 23S rRNA is accompanied by the 5S rRNA and approximately 31 ribosomal proteins to form the full 50S subunit, which associates with the 30S subunit to create the functional 70S ribosome[2][8]. 23S rRNA is not only structurally critical but also functions as a ribozyme, catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds—making it central to life and a validated and clinically exploited antimicrobial target[7][2].

Other names

23S rRNA23S ribosomal RNA23S large subunit rRNAComponent of the 50S ribosomal subunit

Inhibition of peptide bond formation (peptidyl transferase activity); Interference with ribosomal function to block bacterial protein synthesis; Prevention of tRNA binding or translocation.