23S ribosomal RNA of large ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA)

The 23S ribosomal RNA (23S rRNA) is a major structural and functional component of the large (50S) subunit of bacterial and archaeal ribosomes. It is approximately 2,904 nucleotides long in *E. coli* and forms the core of the 50S subunit, together with various ribosomal proteins and 5S rRNA[7][1][5]. The 23S rRNA is crucial for the ribosome’s peptidyl transferase activity, which catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis in all living cells[7]. Domain V of 23S rRNA forms the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), the primary target for many clinically important antibiotics, such as macrolides and chloramphenicol, which act by inhibiting protein synthesis[7]. Mutations in 23S rRNA domains are well-known mechanisms for the development of resistance to these antibiotics[7]. The structure and interactions of 23S rRNA are also essential for ribosomal assembly, stability, and function, including tRNA binding and coordination of trans-acting protein factors needed for ribosome biogenesis[1][6][4]. It plays a vital role in bacterial viability and is a validated therapeutic target for antibacterial drug development[7].

Other names

23S RNA23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid23S rRNA of 50S subunit

Inhibition of peptide bond formation (peptidyl transferase inhibition), Blocking of tRNA binding/translocation, Inhibition of ribosomal function