4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT)

4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT), also known as GABA transaminase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate into succinate semialdehyde and L-glutamate. This reaction is a key step in the catabolism of GABA, which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is expressed broadly across prokaryotes, plants, fungi, and animals—including humans. Mutations or deficiencies affecting ABAT function can disrupt normal neurotransmitter balance leading to neurological symptoms due to impaired catabolism of GABA. Suppression or inhibition of ABAT has been linked to reduced transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) and decreased acid reflux activity; thus it may be targeted therapeutically for conditions like GERD by modulating its physiological effects on smooth muscle tone via altered GABA turnover.

Other names

GABA transaminase

Inhibition of GABA degradation