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4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase

Molecular classification: Enzyme, Dioxygenase, Non-heme iron enzyme

Overview

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is an Fe(II)-dependent, non-heme oxygenase enzyme that catalyzes a key step in the catabolism of the amino acid L-tyrosine. Specifically, it converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate, which is further processed in metabolic pathways. In humans, mutations in the HPD gene lead to tyrosinemia type III. HPPD inhibitors are used as herbicides and therapeutically to manage certain metabolic diseases.

Other names: HPPDPPDα-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase

Mechanism of action

Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

Biological functions

Tyrosine degradationHomogentisate biosynthesisPlastoquinone biosynthesisTocopherol biosynthesisMetabolism

Disease associations

Tyrosinemia type III

Safety considerations

Ocular effectsLiver toxicityThyroid hormone alterationsHepatic enzyme induction

Interacting drugs

HPPD inhibitors (herbicides)

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