5.8S ribosomal RNA (5.8S rRNA)

**5.8S ribosomal RNA** is a short, non-coding RNA that is an integral structural and functional component of the large (60S) subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome[3][4][5][7]. It forms part of the ribosomal scaffold and participates directly in the process of protein synthesis by facilitating proper positioning and movement of tRNA and mRNA during the elongation and translocation steps of translation[1][2][5][7]. The 5.8S rRNA is tightly associated with the 28S rRNA in the ribosome and is essential for ribosome biogenesis and function. Mutations or disruptions in this RNA can impair cell growth and protein synthesis, and have been implicated in disorders of ribosome biogenesis (ribosomopathies) and are emerging as relevant in cancer biology[1][5][6]. The molecule itself is not considered a conventional therapeutic target, as broad disruption of 5.8S rRNA is cytotoxic, but it is affected by some translation inhibitors like cycloheximide and diphtheria toxin, which exert their effects at the ribosome level[1][2].

Other names

5.8S rRNARNA5-8SP5.8S rRNA gene5_8S_rRNA

Inhibition of protein synthesis through binding to ribosomal subunits or blocking ribosome translocation (for drugs like cycloheximide and diphtheria toxin; the 5.8S rRNA itself is not the direct target)[1][2] No approved drugs are known to specifically target 5.8S rRNA exclusively in human therapy