AB lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19)

CD19 is a 95 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed on all stages of B-cell development, from early pro-B cells to mature B cells, but is downregulated during terminal differentiation into plasma cells. CD19 functions as a coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex and plays a crucial role in regulating B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Due to its consistent expression on B-cells and its absence on most other hematopoietic lineages, CD19 is a widely used diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for B-cell malignancies, including leukemias and lymphomas. It is targeted by monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and CAR-T cell therapies.

Other names

B-lymphocyte antigen CD19Cluster of Differentiation 19B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12CVID3

Therapeutic antibodies can induce anti-tumor effects via modulation of signal transduction pathways controlling proliferation/apoptosis. CAR-T cells target and kill CD19-expressing cells.