ABC transporter G family member 36 and ABC transporter G family member 37 (ABCG36/ABCG37)

ABCG36 and ABCG37 are full-size ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belonging to the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily, primarily characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana [1.3.1, 1.3.3]. These transporters are localized to the plasma membrane, specifically on the outward-facing lateral domains of root epidermal cells, where they function as efflux pumps for a diverse range of substrates [1.4.2, 1.4.5]. Their biological roles are multifaceted, encompassing the regulation of auxin homeostasis through the transport of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the mediation of nonhost resistance against pathogens via the secretion of antimicrobial compounds like camalexin and coumarins [1.1.1, 1.3.2]. Additionally, they contribute to the detoxification of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead by facilitating their extrusion from the cytoplasm [1.3.3]. ABCG36 and ABCG37 are also involved in the cellular export of synthetic xenobiotics, including auxinic herbicides like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which links them to herbicide resistance mechanisms in weeds [1.2.3, 1.3.1]. The redundant function of these two transporters is critical for maintaining plant fitness under various environmental stressors, including pathogen attack and toxic metal exposure [1.3.2, 1.4.2]. From a biotechnological perspective, these transporters are significant targets for crop improvement strategies aimed at enhancing disease resistance and optimizing herbicide efficacy [1.2.1, 1.4.4]. Understanding their substrate specificity and regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing plants with improved resilience to biotic and abiotic challenges [1.1.2, 1.2.4].

Other names

PEN3PDR8PDR9PIS1Penetration 3Pleiotropic drug resistance 8Pleiotropic drug resistance 9Polar auxin transport inhibitor sensitive 1

ATP-dependent efflux of endogenous metabolites (such as IBA and camalexin) and exogenous xenobiotics (such as herbicides) across the plasma membrane to the apoplast or rhizosphere.