Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (ABHD1)

Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (ABHD1) is a member of the large α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily of enzymes, characterized by the presence of a core catalytic triad and structural domains that confer either lipase or esterase activity. In Chlamydomonas and other model systems, ABHD1 is localized to the surface of lipid droplets, where it acts both as a lyso-DGTS (lyso-glycerolipid) lipase and as a structural protein promoting lipid droplet budding and growth regardless of its catalytic activity. In mammals, ABHD1 is ubiquitously expressed with the highest expression in heart and small intestine, is predicted to be a single-pass membrane protein, and is involved in cellular adaptation to oxidative and metabolic stress. Genetic studies suggest ABHD1 plays a regulatory role in stem cell-driven intestinal development and is associated with Hirschsprung disease risk. Its broader functions and regulation remain under investigation, but current evidence positions it as a modulatory enzyme/protein in lipid biology, energy storage, oxidative stress resilience, and potentially developmental or degenerative diseases. No specific pharmacological modulators are known; safety concerns for targeted intervention are theoretical and not yet delineated.

Other names

ABHD1LABH1Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 1Lung alpha/beta hydrolase 1FLJ36128Testicular tissue protein Li 5

For genetic or expression modulation: Reduces reactive oxygen species by modulating NADPH oxidase activity. May alter membrane biophysical properties by remodeling lysolipids, facilitating lipid droplet budding/formation. No established mechanisms of pharmacologic modulation with known drugs