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Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1)
- Target
- ACAT1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Membrane Bound O-AcylTransferases (MBOATs)
01
Overview
Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is an integral membrane enzyme found in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of cells. It belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family and catalyzes the conversion of free cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA into cholesteryl esters for storage or transport. ACAT1 also catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA during ketogenesis and ketolysis. Mutations in the ACAT1 gene cause beta-ketothiolase deficiency. ACAT1 is considered a drug target for diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and certain cancers.
- Other names
- Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of cholesterol esterification
03
Biological functions
Cholesterol esterificationKetone body metabolismIsoleucine degradationCellular lipid metabolismLipid homeostasis
04
Disease associations
Beta-ketothiolase deficiencyAtherosclerosisAlzheimer’s diseaseCancerCardiovascular disease
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