Achromobacter species (Achromobacter spp.)

Achromobacter species are a genus of Gram-negative, non-fermenting, aerobic bacilli that are increasingly recognized as significant opportunistic pathogens, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis and those who are immunocompromised (PMID: 32661001). These bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment, often found in soil and water, and are known for their ability to survive in harsh conditions, including disinfectant solutions. In a clinical context, Achromobacter spp. are associated with a variety of infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (PMID: 28848241). A defining characteristic of this genus is its high level of intrinsic and acquired resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, including many cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems. Treatment often requires combination therapy and is guided by susceptibility testing, as the bacteria frequently employ mechanisms such as efflux pumps and beta-lactamase production to evade drug action (PMID: 26141142). Furthermore, their ability to form robust biofilms complicates eradication and contributes to chronic colonization in the respiratory tract. The genus includes several species, with Achromobacter xylosoxidans being the most frequently isolated in human infections. Because they are whole organisms rather than specific molecular targets, therapeutic strategies focus on broad-spectrum or targeted antibiotics that disrupt essential bacterial processes like cell wall synthesis or protein translation.

Other names

AchromobacterAlcaligenes xylosoxidansAchromobacter xylosoxidans

Antibiotics targeting Achromobacter spp. typically act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis (beta-lactams), inhibiting protein synthesis (tetracyclines), interfering with DNA replication (fluoroquinolones), or disrupting the bacterial cell membrane (polymyxins).