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Acid-Base Homeostasis
- Molecular classification
- Physiological Process, Homeostatic Mechanism
01
Overview
Acid-base homeostasis refers to the tightly regulated processes that maintain the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF) within a narrow, slightly alkaline range, typically between 7.35 and 7.45. This regulation is essential for normal physiological function and cellular metabolism because even minor deviations in pH can disrupt protein structure, enzyme activity, and ion channel function. The body employs buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation to maintain this balance. Key molecular players include carbonic anhydrase and SLC transporters such as SLC4A4/NBCe1.
02
Biological functions
Regulation of blood pHMaintenance of enzyme activityProtein stabilityCellular metabolism
03
Disease associations
AcidemiaAlkalemiaRespiratory acidosis/alkalosisMetabolic acidosis/alkalosisRenal tubular acidosis
04
Safety considerations
Severe organ dysfunction due to pH imbalanceProtein denaturationEnzyme inhibitionElectrolyte imbalances
05
Biomarkers
Blood pHPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
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