Acid-producing oral bacteria (None)

Acid-producing oral bacteria are a group of microorganisms in the oral cavity that metabolize dietary carbohydrates—especially sugars like sucrose, glucose, and fructose—into organic acids such as lactic acid. These acids lower the local pH in dental plaque and can demineralize tooth enamel, leading to dental caries (cavities). Key species include Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Veillonella spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. They adhere to tooth surfaces within biofilms known as dental plaque and metabolize dietary sugars anaerobically via glycolysis, producing organic acids (primarily lactic acid). The resulting acidic environment (pH < 5.0) leads to demineralization of enamel and dentin, promoting cavity formation. Controlling populations or activity levels of these bacteria through diet modification, improved oral hygiene, or use of antimicrobial agents is key for preventing cavities.

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