Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2)

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2 or SOAT2) is a membrane-bound enzyme primarily expressed in the small intestine and liver, where it catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol with long-chain fatty acids to form cholesteryl esters. These esters are a key component of lipoprotein particles (especially apoB-containing lipoproteins like VLDL and chylomicrons), playing a crucial role in the absorption and transport of dietary and hepatic cholesterol. ACAT2 activity impacts cholesterol homeostasis, the development of atherosclerotic plaques, and susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation. Pharmacological inhibition of ACAT2 is being explored as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. ACAT2 belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) enzyme family and has distinct tissue distribution and substrate preferences compared to the related ACAT1 isoform.

Other names

Sterol O-acyltransferase 2SOAT2Acyl-CoA cholesterin acyltransferase 2

Enzymatic inhibition (inhibitors block cholesterol esterification by ACAT2, reducing cholesterol ester content in lipoproteins and tissues)