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Acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1)
- Target
- ACAT1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Transferase
01
Overview
Acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is an enzyme involved in lipid and energy metabolism. It catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, playing a role in ketogenesis and ketolysis. ACAT1 also participates in isoleucine degradation and cholesterol esterification for storage and transport. Deficiency leads to beta-ketothiolase deficiency, while elevated activity is observed in cancer. It is considered a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
- Other names
- Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of ACAT1 activity to modulate cholesteryl ester formation and/or impact tumor growth via metabolic reprogramming.
03
Biological functions
KetogenesisKetolysisIsoleucine degradationCholesterol esterificationCellular cholesterol homeostasisLipid metabolismEnergy metabolism
04
Disease associations
Beta-ketothiolase deficiencyCancerCardiovascular diseaseNeurodegenerative diseaseMetabolic disorders
05
Safety considerations
Potential for metabolic disturbances due to altered lipid/cholesterol homeostasis.Off-target effects on other ACAT isoforms or related enzymes.Development of resistance in cancer cells.
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