Adaptive immune receptor specific for poliovirus type 3 capsid antigen (PV3-specific AIR)

Adaptive immune receptors specific for poliovirus type 3 (PV3) capsid antigens comprise the diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs) that selectively identify the structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4) of the PV3 virion (PubMed: 15613324). These receptors are the fundamental components of the adaptive immune system's defense against poliomyelitis. BCRs, when activated, lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies that bind to specific epitopes on the viral capsid, thereby preventing the virus from attaching to the host cell receptor, CD155 (StatPearls: NBK558925). TCRs recognize viral peptides presented by MHC molecules on the surface of infected cells, orchestrating the destruction of these cells and supporting the overall immune memory (PubMed: 11160677). While these receptors are not traditional targets for small-molecule inhibitors, they are the primary physiological targets of immunization strategies. Vaccines such as the Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) are designed to elicit a robust and persistent population of these receptors to provide long-term protection against infection (WHO: Polio vaccines). The specificity of these receptors is critical, as there is minimal cross-neutralization between PV3 and other poliovirus serotypes (CDC: Pink Book).

Other names

Poliovirus type 3 specific T-cell receptorPoliovirus type 3 specific B-cell receptorPV3-specific antibodyAnti-PV3 capsid receptorPoliovirus type 3 neutralizing antibody receptor

Vaccines act as exogenous antigens that bind to naive B-cell and T-cell receptors, triggering clonal expansion, affinity maturation, and the formation of memory cells that express high-affinity receptors specific for poliovirus type 3 capsid proteins.