Adaptive immune receptors recognizing poliovirus capsid proteins (TCR/BCR (Polio-specific))

Adaptive immune receptors recognizing poliovirus capsid proteins refer to the specialized T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs) that identify and bind to the structural proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 of the poliovirus (Hogle, 2002). These receptors are the primary effectors of the immunity conferred by the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), which utilizes Sabin strains to mimic natural infection and stimulate a robust mucosal and systemic immune response (Minor, 2015). BCRs recognize conformational epitopes on the viral surface, leading to the production of neutralizing antibodies that prevent the virus from binding to its cellular receptor, CD155 (UniProt P15151). TCRs recognize linear peptides derived from these capsid proteins presented on MHC molecules, facilitating the destruction of infected cells and providing long-term immunological memory (WHO, 2023). The characterization of these receptors is essential for monitoring vaccine efficacy and understanding the risks associated with vaccine-derived paralytic poliomyelitis, where attenuated strains regain neurovirulence (CDC, 2022).

Other names

Poliovirus-specific T-cell receptorsPoliovirus-specific B-cell receptorsAnti-poliovirus antibodiesSabin-specific immune receptorsPoliovirus capsid-specific adaptive receptors

The oral polio vaccine (OPV) acts as an immunogen that presents live attenuated viral antigens to the immune system, triggering the selection and clonal expansion of B-cell and T-cell populations expressing these specific receptors. B-cell receptors (BCRs) differentiate into plasma cells that secrete neutralizing antibodies (IgG and IgA) to block viral entry via the CD155 receptor, while T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize viral peptides to eliminate infected cells (Minor, 2015).