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Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1)

Target: ADAR1
Molecular classification: Enzyme

Overview

ADAR1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a process known as A-to-I RNA editing. This post-transcriptional modification can alter the coding potential, splicing, stability, and localization of RNAs. Inosine is interpreted as guanosine by cellular machinery, potentially leading to changes in protein sequence or gene regulation. ADAR1 also plays a crucial role in innate immunity by preventing self-RNAs from triggering immune responses, and in miRNA processing.

Biological functions

RNA EditingInnate Immunity RegulationmiRNA ProcessingGene Silencing

Disease associations

Autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseasesCancer progressionViral pathogenesis

Safety considerations

Potential for inappropriate immune activation against self-RNAs with loss-of-function mutationsPotential contribution to tumorigenesis with overactivity

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