Adenoviral entry receptor

Adenoviral entry receptors are a diverse group of cell surface proteins that facilitate the attachment and internalization of adenoviruses into host cells. The specific receptor utilized depends on the adenovirus serotype; for instance, the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is the primary receptor for species C adenoviruses like Ad5, while CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) and Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) are used by various species B serotypes (Bergelson et al., 1997; Gaggar et al., 2003). Following initial binding to these primary receptors, the virus typically interacts with secondary co-receptors, such as alpha-V integrins, to trigger internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Wickham et al., 1993). These receptors are pivotal in the field of gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy, as their expression levels on target cells determine the efficiency of viral delivery (Wang et al., 2011). However, the broad expression of these receptors on non-target tissues, such as the liver, can lead to significant off-target effects and sequestration of the viral vector, posing a significant challenge for systemic administration (Koizumi et al., 2003).

Other names

CARCoxsackievirus and adenovirus receptorCD46Membrane cofactor proteinDesmoglein-2DSG2Sialic acid receptorIntegrin alpha-V beta-3Integrin alpha-V beta-5Adenovirus receptor

Viral vector attachment and internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis