Adhesion and trafficking molecules (CAMs)

Adhesion and trafficking molecules represent a broad functional category of proteins, including integrins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, that coordinate the movement of cells within the body. These molecules are essential for the recruitment of immune cells from the bloodstream into tissues, a process known as leukocyte extravasation, which is vital for host defense but also drives chronic inflammation when dysregulated (Ley et al., 2007, Nature Reviews Immunology). In pathological states, the aberrant expression or activation of these molecules facilitates autoimmune destruction, as seen in conditions like multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease (Springer, 1994, Cell). Beyond inflammation, these molecules are often hijacked by tumor cells to facilitate intravasation and subsequent metastasis to distant organs (Okegawa et al., 2004, Cancer Research). Therapeutic strategies targeting this class typically involve monoclonal antibodies, such as natalizumab and vedolizumab, which block specific adhesion interactions to prevent the recruitment of pathogenic cells to target organs (Wyant et al., 2016, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis). However, systemic blockade of these pathways can lead to significant safety risks, most notably progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to impaired local immune surveillance (Bloomgren et al., 2012, New England Journal of Medicine).

Other names

Cell adhesion moleculesCAMsLeukocyte trafficking moleculesAdhesion receptorsHoming receptors

Inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction and tissue-specific homing by blocking adhesion receptors or their ligands.