Adipose-derived stromal cell (ADSC) (ADSC)

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are a population of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. They are defined by their ability to adhere to plastic, differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages, and express specific surface markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 while lacking hematopoietic markers [Dominici et al., 2006, PubMed: 16923606]. In the context of drug development, ADSCs are typically utilized as a cellular therapy rather than serving as a traditional molecular target for small molecules or biologics. Their therapeutic efficacy is largely attributed to their immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic properties, which are mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors that suppress inflammation and stimulate endogenous repair mechanisms [Mazini et al., 2019, PubMed: 31137713]. Clinical applications of ADSCs include the treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease, where the allogeneic product Darvadstrocel has received regulatory approval [Panés et al., 2016, PubMed: 26937012]. Despite their promise in regenerative medicine, challenges remain regarding their long-term safety profile, particularly concerning the risk of unintended differentiation or potential tumor promotion in certain microenvironments.

Other names

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cellAdipose-derived stem cellASCADMSCAdipose stromal cellAdipose-derived regenerative cell

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) function primarily through paracrine signaling, secreting a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that modulate the local immune environment and promote tissue regeneration [Mazini et al., 2019, PubMed: 31137713]. They also possess the capacity for direct differentiation into mesenchymal lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, to replace damaged tissue [Zuk et al., 2002, PubMed: 11973354].