ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D (ARL4D)

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D (ARL4D) is a small GTPase in the Ras superfamily, specifically a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)/ARF-like (ARL) family[1][2][3][6][7]. ARL4D cycles between GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active) states, a process controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs)[7]. It is closely related to ARL4A and ARL4C, sharing a nuclear localization signal and high guanine nucleotide exchange rate[1][3][6]. ARL4D plays roles in membrane-associated intracellular trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, recruitment of cytohesin-2/ARNO to the plasma membrane (thereby promoting ARF6 activation), cell morphology, and cell migration[1][2][5]. It also partners with microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1 to regulate centrosomal recruitment and microtubule nucleation at the centrosome[5]. Mutations in ARL4D have been linked to Bardet–Biedl syndrome and possibly other developmental disorders[3][7]. There are currently no known therapeutic drugs directly targeting ARL4D, and it is not generally established as a direct therapeutic target in drug discovery or development[7].

Other names

ARF like GTPase 4DARL4DARF4LADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4LADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 4DARL6