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Adrenal Cortex Cell
- Molecular classification
- Endocrine cell, Steroidogenic cell
01
Overview
Adrenal cortex cells are specialized endocrine cells that make up the outer region (cortex) of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex is responsible for synthesizing and secreting steroid hormones essential for homeostasis, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. The adrenal cortex constitutes about 85% of the total mass of each adrenal gland. Hormone production by adrenal cortex cells is tightly regulated by systemic signals, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and ACTH.
02
Biological functions
Mineralocorticoid synthesis (aldosterone)Glucocorticoid synthesis (cortisol)Androgen synthesis (DHEA)Regulation of sodium retentionRegulation of potassium excretionBlood pressure regulationFluid balance regulationMetabolism regulationImmune response modulationStress responseAnti-inflammatory actions
03
Disease associations
Addison’s disease (adrenocortical insufficiency)Cushing’s syndrome (excess glucocorticoid)HyperaldosteronismVirilization (due to excess androgen production)Adrenal cancer
04
Safety considerations
Adrenocortical insufficiencyGlucocorticoid excessMineralocorticoid excessAndrogen excess
05
Biomarkers
Cortisol levelsAldosterone levelsDHEA levelsACTH levels
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